Chapter 11

Other matters

11.1    Introduction

This chapter aims to clear up loose ends, with discussions of elision (section 11.2), parentheticals (section 11.4), and annotation for (embedded) multi-sentences (section 11.5)

11.2    Elision

We have seen elision already with missing phrase heads in chapter 3. It is also possible for entire (internal layer) clause and phrase elements to be elided under parallelism. For example,

(11.1)

ILYR,ILYR,NP-SBJ,PRO,we
ILYR,ILYR,BED;~cat_Vg,were
ILYR,ILYR,IP-PPL-CAT,VAG;~Ipr,dying
ILYR,ILYR,IP-PPL-CAT,PP-CLR-MNR,P-ROLE,from
ILYR,ILYR,IP-PPL-CAT,PP-CLR-MNR,NP,N,laughter
ILYR,ILYR,PP-SCON-ABS,IP-PPL2,VAG;~Tn,watching
ILYR,ILYR,PP-SCON-ABS,IP-PPL2,NP-OB1,PRO,them
ILYR,PUNC,<comma>
ILYR,CONJP,CONJ,but
ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,NP-SBJ,N,Mrs
ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,NP-SBJ,NPR,Smith
ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,BED;~cat_Vg,was
ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,IP-PPL-CAT,NEG;_clitic_,n<apos>t
ID,9_a_stories_11_h38

(11.2)

IP-MAT,NP-SBJ,NPR,Relocation
IP-MAT,NP-SBJ,NS,allowances
IP-MAT,NP-SBJ,PP,P-ROLE,for
IP-MAT,NP-SBJ,PP,NP,ADJP,ADJ,existing
IP-MAT,NP-SBJ,PP,NP,N,staff
IP-MAT,ILYR,ILYR,MD;~cat_Vi,should
IP-MAT,ILYR,ILYR,NEG,not
IP-MAT,ILYR,ILYR,IP-INF-CAT,BE;~cat_Ve_passive_,be
IP-MAT,ILYR,ILYR,IP-INF-CAT,IP-PPL-CAT,NP-LGS,*
IP-MAT,ILYR,ILYR,IP-INF-CAT,IP-PPL-CAT,VVN,reviewed
IP-MAT,ILYR,ILYR,IP-INF-CAT,IP-PPL-CAT,PP-PRD,P-ROLE,as
IP-MAT,ILYR,ILYR,IP-INF-CAT,IP-PPL-CAT,PP-PRD,NP,NS,bonuses
IP-MAT,ILYR,CONJP,CONJ,but
IP-MAT,ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,IP-PPL-CAT,NP-LGS,*
IP-MAT,ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,IP-PPL-CAT,PP-PRD,P-ROLE,as
IP-MAT,ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,IP-PPL-CAT,PP-PRD,NP,ADJP,ADJ,compensatory
IP-MAT,ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,IP-PPL-CAT,PP-PRD,NP,NS,payments
ID,21_lucy_bnc_b21

(11.3)

NP,D,a
NP,N,provision
NP,IP-REL,ILYR,ILYR,NP-SBJ,*T*
NP,IP-REL,ILYR,ILYR,IP-PPL-CAT,ADVP-MOD,ADV,specifically
NP,IP-REL,ILYR,ILYR,IP-PPL-CAT,VVN,drafted
NP,IP-REL,ILYR,ILYR,IP-PPL-CAT,PP-BNF,P-ROLE,for
NP,IP-REL,ILYR,ILYR,IP-PPL-CAT,PP-BNF,NP,NPR,Scotland
NP,IP-REL,ILYR,CONJP,CONJ,but
NP,IP-REL,ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,NP-SBJ,RPRO,which
NP,IP-REL,ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,ADVP-MOD,ADV,also
NP,IP-REL,ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,VBP,applies
NP,IP-REL,ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,PP-CLR,P-ROLE,to
NP,IP-REL,ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,PP-CLR,NP,NPR,England
ID,24_lucy_bnc_b38

(11.4)

ILYR,ILYR,NP-SBJ,PRO;_cleft_,It
ILYR,ILYR,BEP;~cleft_V,is
ILYR,ILYR,NP-FOC,N,sex
ILYR,ILYR,IP-CLF,NP-SBJ,RPRO,that
ILYR,ILYR,IP-CLF,VBP,obsesses
ILYR,ILYR,IP-CLF,NP-OB1,PRO,them
ILYR,PUNC,<comma>
ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,NP-FOC,N,sex
ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,IP-CLF,NP-SBJ,RPRO,that
ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,IP-CLF,BEP,is
ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,IP-CLF,PP-LOC,P-ROLE,at
ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,IP-CLF,PP-LOC,NP,D,the
ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,IP-CLF,PP-LOC,NP,N,basis
ID,55_susanne_g13

    Elision can take place when coordination and subordination are combined.

(11.5)

IP-MAT,HVP;~cat_Ve,have
IP-MAT,IP-PPL-CAT,ILYR,ILYR,VVN;~Tni,seen
IP-MAT,IP-PPL-CAT,ILYR,ILYR,NP-DOB1,NPR,Joe
IP-MAT,IP-PPL-CAT,ILYR,ILYR,NP-DOB1,NPR;@2,Darby
IP-MAT,IP-PPL-CAT,ILYR,ILYR,IP-INF-OB1,IP-PPL-CAT,NP-LGS,*
IP-MAT,IP-PPL-CAT,ILYR,ILYR,IP-INF-OB1,IP-PPL-CAT,VVN;~Cn.n/a,appointed
IP-MAT,IP-PPL-CAT,ILYR,ILYR,IP-INF-OB1,IP-PPL-CAT,NP-PRD,N,chief
IP-MAT,IP-PPL-CAT,ILYR,ILYR,IP-INF-OB1,IP-PPL-CAT,NP-PRD,N;@2,executive
IP-MAT,IP-PPL-CAT,ILYR,CONJP,CONJ,and
IP-MAT,IP-PPL-CAT,ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,NP-DOB1,NPR,John
IP-MAT,IP-PPL-CAT,ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,NP-DOB1,NPR;@2,Hogan
IP-MAT,IP-PPL-CAT,ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,IP-INF-OB1,IP-PPL-CAT,NP-LGS,*
IP-MAT,IP-PPL-CAT,ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,IP-INF-OB1,IP-PPL-CAT,NP-PRD,N,chief
IP-MAT,IP-PPL-CAT,ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,IP-INF-OB1,IP-PPL-CAT,NP-PRD,IP-PPL,VAG,operating
IP-MAT,IP-PPL-CAT,ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,IP-INF-OB1,IP-PPL-CAT,NP-PRD,N,officer
ID,5_lucy_bnc_b35

(11.6)

IP-REL,NP-OB1,RPRO,what
IP-REL,NP-SBJ,NS,men
IP-REL,ILYR,ILYR,MD;~cat_Vi,should
IP-REL,ILYR,CONJP,CONJ,or
IP-REL,ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,MD;~cat_Vi,should
IP-REL,ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,NEG,not
IP-REL,ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,IP-INF-CAT,DO;~I,do
ID,88_susanne_j23

    Elision can be found when there is a grammatical code that lacks support from its environment. For example, in (11.7) want is coded Tnt and yet there is no direct object non-finite clause and indirect object noun phrase in its clause of occurrence.

(11.7)

IP-MAT,NP-SBJ,PRO,I
IP-MAT,MD;~cat_Vi,<apos>ll
IP-MAT,IP-INF-CAT,VB;~phr_Vn<=>p,take
IP-MAT,IP-INF-CAT,NP-OB1,PRO,it
IP-MAT,IP-INF-CAT,RP,off
IP-MAT,IP-INF-CAT,PP-SCON-CNT-CND,P-CONN,if
IP-MAT,IP-INF-CAT,PP-SCON-CNT-CND,IP-ADV,NP-SBJ,PRO,you
IP-MAT,IP-INF-CAT,PP-SCON-CNT-CND,IP-ADV,VBP;~Tnt,want
ID,220_christine_t16

(11.8)

ILYR,VB;~Tn,Saut<eacute>
ILYR,PP-TMP,P-ROLE,for
ILYR,PP-TMP,NP,NUM,3
ILYR,PP-TMP,NP,NS,minutes
ID,33_lucy_bnc_b18

(11.9)

NP,N,confusion
NP,IP-REL,NP-SBJ,RPRO,which
NP,IP-REL,ILYR,NEG,not
NP,IP-REL,ILYR,ADVP-MOD,ADV,only
NP,IP-REL,ILYR,ILYR,VBP;~Cn.g,keeps
NP,IP-REL,ILYR,ILYR,NP-OB1,NP-GENV;{BARNETT},PRO;_genm_,his
NP,IP-REL,ILYR,ILYR,NP-OB1,NS,foes,
NP,IP-REL,ILYR,ILYR,IP-PPL-PRD,VAG,guessing
NP,IP-REL,ILYR,CONJP,CONJ,but
NP,IP-REL,ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,NP-OB1,NP-GENV;{BARNETT},PRO;_genm_,his
NP,IP-REL,ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,NP-OB1,NS,friends
NP,IP-REL,ILYR,CONJP,ILYR,ADVP-MOD,ADV,as_well,
ID,40_susanne_a08

11.3    Zero elements

Example illustrates the need for marking the presence of a missing object which goes on to be a controller.

(11.10)

IP-IMP,VB;~Tn.pr,Leave
IP-IMP,NP-OB1,PRO,_*_
IP-IMP,PP-CLR-LOC,P-ROLE,in
IP-IMP,PP-CLR-LOC,NP,D,the
IP-IMP,PP-CLR-LOC,NP,N,water
IP-IMP,PP-SCON-TMP,P-CONN,until
IP-IMP,PP-SCON-TMP,IP-PPL,ADJP-PRD2,ADJ;_cat_,ready
IP-IMP,PP-SCON-TMP,IP-PPL,ADJP-PRD2,IP-INF,NP-LGS,*
IP-IMP,PP-SCON-TMP,IP-PPL,ADJP-PRD2,IP-INF,TO,to
IP-IMP,PP-SCON-TMP,IP-PPL,ADJP-PRD2,IP-INF,VB;~Tn,serve
ID,20_lucy_bnc_b18

11.4    Parentheticals

(11.11)

IP-MAT,NP-SBJ,PRO,You
IP-MAT,VBP;~Tf,see
IP-MAT,NP-RFL,PNX,yourself
IP-MAT,PUNC,<comma>
IP-MAT,PURQ,<rdquo>
IP-MAT,PRN,IP-MAT,NP-SBJ,PRO,he
IP-MAT,PRN,IP-MAT,VBD;~Tr,said
IP-MAT,PUNC,<comma>
IP-MAT,PULQ,<ldquo>
IP-MAT,CP-THT-OB1,IP-SUB,C,that
IP-MAT,CP-THT-OB1,IP-SUB,NP-SBJ,D;_nphd_,this
IP-MAT,CP-THT-OB1,IP-SUB,BEP;~Ln,is
IP-MAT,CP-THT-OB1,IP-SUB,NEG,not
IP-MAT,CP-THT-OB1,IP-SUB,NP-PRD2,D,a
IP-MAT,CP-THT-OB1,IP-SUB,NP-PRD2,N,sheep
ID,80_a_saint_exupery_1943

(11.12)

IP-MAT,NP-SBJ,PRO,you
IP-MAT,VBP,know
IP-MAT,CP-QUE-OB1,IP-SUB,ADVP-CNT,WADV,why
IP-MAT,PRN,PP-SCON-CNT,P-CONN,cos
IP-MAT,PRN,PP-SCON-CNT,IP-ADV,FL,shit
IP-MAT,PRN,PP-SCON-CNT,IP-ADV,NP-SBJ,PRO,I
IP-MAT,PRN,PP-SCON-CNT,IP-ADV,BEP;~cat_Vg,<apos>m
IP-MAT,PRN,PP-SCON-CNT,IP-ADV,IP-PPL-CAT,NEG,not
IP-MAT,PRN,PP-SCON-CNT,IP-ADV,IP-PPL-CAT,HAG,having
IP-MAT,PRN,PP-SCON-CNT,IP-ADV,IP-PPL-CAT,NP-OB1,D;_nphd_,that
ID,518_christine_t36

(11.13)

IP-MAT,NP-SBJ,D;_nphd_,that
IP-MAT,BEP;~equ_Vw,<apos>s
IP-MAT,CP-QUE-PRD2,IP-SUB,NP-SBJ,WPRO,what
IP-MAT,CP-QUE-PRD2,IP-SUB,VBD,made
IP-MAT,CP-QUE-PRD2,IP-SUB,NP-OB1,PRO,him
IP-MAT,CP-QUE-PRD2,IP-SUB,IP-INF-PRD,VB,spew
IP-MAT,PRN,IP-MAT,NP-SBJ,PRO,I
IP-MAT,PRN,IP-MAT,VBP,reckon
IP-MAT,ADVP-CNT,ADV,then
ID,77_christine_t12

(11.14)

IP-MAT,NP-SBJ,D;_nphd_,that
IP-MAT,BEP;~Ln,<apos>s
IP-MAT,NP-PRD2,D,a
IP-MAT,NP-PRD2,N,thing
IP-MAT,NP-PRD2,IP-REL,NP-SBJ,PRO,you
IP-MAT,NP-PRD2,IP-REL,VBP,forget
IP-MAT,NP-PRD2,IP-REL,PP-CLR,P-ROLE,about
IP-MAT,NP-PRD2,IP-REL,PP-CLR,NP,*T*
IP-MAT,PRN,IP-MAT,BEP;~Ln,is
IP-MAT,PRN,IP-MAT,NP-PRD2,Q;_nphd_,all
IP-MAT,PRN,IP-MAT,NP-PRD2,NLYR,D,the
IP-MAT,PRN,IP-MAT,NP-PRD2,NLYR,ADJP,ADVP,ADV,really
IP-MAT,PRN,IP-MAT,NP-PRD2,NLYR,ADJP,ADJ,obvious
IP-MAT,PRN,IP-MAT,NP-PRD2,NLYR,NS,things
ID,136_christine_t31

ILYR under PRN

(11.15)

IP-ADV,NP-SBJ,NLYR,NP,PRO,she
IP-ADV,NP-SBJ,NLYR,CONJP,CONJ,and
IP-ADV,NP-SBJ,NLYR,CONJP,NP,NPR,Jasper
IP-ADV,HVD;~cat_Ve,had
IP-ADV,IP-PPL-CAT,VVN;~Tn,left
IP-ADV,IP-PPL-CAT,NP-OB1,NP-GENV,NP-GENV,PRO;_genm_,her
IP-ADV,IP-PPL-CAT,NP-OB1,NP-GENV,N,mother
IP-ADV,IP-PPL-CAT,NP-OB1,NP-GENV,GENM,<apos>s
IP-ADV,PUNC,<mdash>
IP-ADV,PRN,ILYR,HVD;~cat_Ve,had
IP-ADV,PRN,ILYR,IP-PPL-CAT,VVN;~Tn,left
IP-ADV,PRN,ILYR,IP-PPL-CAT,NP-OB1,N,home
ID,35_lucy_bnc_c05

11.4.1    Tag questions

Table 11.66: Marking for tag question

The annotation uses CP-QUE-TAG in the description of tag questions, as, for example, in (11.16).

(11.16)

IP-MAT,FRM,I_mean
IP-MAT,PUNC,<comma>
IP-MAT,NP-SBJ;{SIRENA},NPR,Sirena
IP-MAT,NP-TMP,ADJP,ADJ,last
IP-MAT,NP-TMP,N,night
IP-MAT,BED;~Ln,was
IP-MAT,NP-PRD2,D,a
IP-MAT,NP-PRD2,N,marvel
IP-MAT,PUNC,<comma>
IP-MAT,CP-QUE-TAG,IP-SUB,BED;~Ln,was
IP-MAT,CP-QUE-TAG,IP-SUB,NEG;_clitic_,n<apos>t
IP-MAT,CP-QUE-TAG,IP-SUB,NP-SBJ;{SIRENA},PRO,she
IP-MAT,PUNC,?
ID,33_a_ted_talk_11

11.5    Multi-sentence

Table 11.67: Tag for embedded discourse

(11.17)

IP-MAT,NP-SBJ,PRO,He
IP-MAT,VBD;~Tn,answered
IP-MAT,NP-OB1,PRO,me
IP-MAT,PUNC,:
IP-MAT,PULQ,<ldquo>
IP-MAT,PRN,utterance,IP-MAT,NP-SBJ,D;_nphd_,That
IP-MAT,PRN,utterance,IP-MAT,DOP,does
IP-MAT,PRN,utterance,IP-MAT,NEG;_clitic_,n<apos>t
IP-MAT,PRN,utterance,IP-MAT,VB;~I,matter
IP-MAT,PRN,utterance,IP-MAT,PUNC,.
IP-MAT,PRN,utterance,IP-IMP,VB;~Dn.n,Draw
IP-MAT,PRN,utterance,IP-IMP,NP-OB2,PRO,me
IP-MAT,PRN,utterance,IP-IMP,NP-OB1,D,a
IP-MAT,PRN,utterance,IP-IMP,NP-OB1,N,sheep
IP-MAT,PRN,utterance,IP-IMP,PUNC,...
IP-MAT,PURQ,<rdquo>
ID,66_a_saint_exupery_1943